{"id":13129,"date":"2016-10-07T10:40:37","date_gmt":"2016-10-07T07:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/besacenter.org\/he\/?p=13129"},"modified":"2016-10-07T16:12:26","modified_gmt":"2016-10-07T13:12:26","slug":"efraim-karsh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/besacenter.org\/he\/efraim-karsh\/","title":{"rendered":"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4' \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u05df-\u05e1\u05d0\u05d3\u05d0\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd.\u00a0\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e1\u05de\u05db\u05d0 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4' \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05da 25 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2\u05e1 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d2 \u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3\u05d5\u05df, \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d2\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df, \u05d4\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd &quot;\u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd&quot;. \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 2013 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d8\u05e8\u05e3 \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8-\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05df \u05db\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05e2\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05e8\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4&quot;\u05e1 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3\u05d5\u05df. \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05e7\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05e1\u05d5\u05df. \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd 2011-12 \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df, \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4' \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de-100 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e7\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5-16 \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05d1\u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><em>Palestine Betrayed<\/em> (Yale, 2010)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><em>Islamic Imperialism: A History<\/em> (Yale, 2006)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><em>Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East 1798-1923<\/em> (Harvard, 1999)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><em>The Gulf Conflict 1990-1991<\/em> (Princeton, 1993)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><em>The Soviet Union and Syria<\/em> (Routledge, 1988)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><em>Neutrality and Small States<\/em> (Routledge, 1988)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e9\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u05de\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea: <em>\u05e6\u05d3\u05d0\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05df: \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea<\/em>\u00a0(\u05de\u05e9\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8, 1991), <em>\u05e4\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea<\/em><em>: <\/em><em>\u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd<\/em>) \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3, 1999), <em>\u05e2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d0\u05ea: \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d5\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc<\/em>\u00a0(\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d1, 2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05db\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05e9\u05dc \u05db\u05ea\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u00a0<em>Middle East Quarterly<\/em> \u05d5- <em>Israel Affairs<\/em> \u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d3\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05d9\u05d5-\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05e1, \u05d5\u05d5\u05dc-\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8 \u05d6'\u05d5\u05e8\u05e0\u05dc, \u05dc\u05d5\u05e1-\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2'\u05dc\u05e1 \u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05e1, \u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05e1, \u05d3\u05e8 \u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05d2\u05dc \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2015, (<em>The Tail Wags the Dog: International Politics and the Middle East<\/em>\u00a0Bloomsbury) \u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05e3 \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4&quot;\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea&quot; \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3, \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc \u05e1\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u2013 \u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05d7\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05df \u05db\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u2013 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05d3\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0\u05df \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d0\u05d5\u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05d4 \u2013 \u05e9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4. \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05e2 \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05df, \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05de\u05e6\u05d8\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d2\u05de\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05ea\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05df.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05db\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e9\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05dd, <em>\u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05dc\u05d5<\/em>, \u05d9\u05e6\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e1&quot;\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e1\u05e4\u05d8\u05de\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9&quot;\u05d6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">&quot;\u05d1\u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05da \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d4\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05de\u05d9 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3&quot;, \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05e9. &quot;\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4' \u05e2\u05e0\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d4, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05df, \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d1\u05db\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 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