49 Pakistan as a logistical conduit for transferring weapons or technological assistance to Iran in the event of a future conflict. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ISRAEL AND THE UNITED STATES Israel currently possesses the leverage to deepen its strategic partnership with India while managing the regional environment with nuance and caution. Given Israel’s growing influence on India’s core military and technological capabilities, it is recommended that Jerusalem expand cooperation in the fields of cyber security, artificial intelligence and intelligence-based warfare. Simultaneously, Israel should establish a covert coordination mechanism to address regional crises involving Pakistan or Iran. The increasingly close relationship between Israel and India reinforces Pakistan’s perception of strategic threat. It is therefore recommended that the Israeli security establishment closely monitor military and nuclear discourse in Islamabad, particularly concerning the potential use of tactical capabilities and issues related to nuclear non-proliferation. A weakened Iran may prompt Pakistani responses, be they diplomatic, nuclear, or asymmetric. Israel should proactively identify and monitor any signs of knowledge transfer, weapons movement or operational coordination between Tehran and Islamabad that could adversely affect Israeli strategic interests. The United States also has a vital interest in reinforcing regional restraint and preserving strategic flexibility in both South and West Asia. Washington should leverage its close ties withNew Delhi to encourage India’s proactive diplomatic engagement in the Middle East, particularly as a potential mediator between West and South Asia. Such a role could help reduce tensions around nuclear proliferation, regional trade and terrorism. To mitigate the risk of misperception, the US should establish discreet reassurance mechanisms and maintain open channels of communication with Pakistan. These efforts are crucial to ensuring that Islamabad does not interpret the India-Israel partnership as an existential threat or justification for escalation. The Israeli attack on Iranian nuclear infrastructure created a precedent concerning norms of preemptive action and proliferation doctrine. The United States must lead efforts to renew international dialogue on red lines, criteria for preemptive strikes, and coordinated inter-power frameworks – particularly in the context of nonproliferation in South and West Asia.
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