- Dr. Alex Joffe
- October 27, 2019
- Paper No. 1324
The American withdrawal from Syria has produced chaotic results โ but as with many aspects of President Trumpโs presidency, it offers an opportunity to view realities with a new clarity. The nature of Turkey under Erdoฤan, European weakness, and the unwillingness of America to support indecisive military missions have been revealed. These realities demand new approaches to European defense and to Middle Eastern engagement and disengagement.