Armenian memory is tolerated because suppressing it would alienate a...
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Topics: Post-Soviet Geopolitics; Global and regional powers; Inter-state conflicts; FSU states domestic political and social affairs;
The Jews of Ukraine Between Two Narratives
In late June, the most hotly debated issue concerning the...
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Renaming the Map: Turkey’s Cognitive War for Central Asia and Its Persian Dimension
In November 2025, Turkish Minister of Education Yusuf Tekin made...
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Diplomatic Blow in the Wrong Direction? Gideon Sa’ar’s Initiative for Israel to Recognize the Armenian Genocide
On Thursday, June 25, 2026, an unusual diplomatic development attracted...
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BESA Post-Soviet Conflicts Research Digest No. 33 (June 2026)
In June 2026, the BESA PSCRP authors have analyzed a...
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Ukraine In The Fifth Year Of The War: Social Challenges
Since March 2022 through November 2025, I visited Ukraine many...
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Monthly Monitoring of Analytical Publications on Post-Soviet Conflicts
Perhaps for the first time since our monitoring program began,...
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Architects of Interdependence: Navigating the Convergence of Indo-Mediterranean and Trans-Caspian Corridors
The architecture of Eurasian connectivity is currently undergoing a fundamental...
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Revisiting Abraham’s Iceberg: The Israeli-Azerbaijani Strategic Partnership and the Abraham Accords
The insights of this analysis allow a more detailed look...
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When Pro-Palestinian Moral Advocacy and Russian MFA Rhetoric Start Speaking the Same Language
Russian official discourse has consistently promoted the claim that smaller...
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Israeli Gas Exports to Syria:
The Dilemma of Formalizing Direct Gas Cooperation
Dr. Elai Rettig
July 2, 2026
Israeli gas exports to Syria are already a reality, but they are conducted indirectly, through swap deals and resale arrangements with Jordan and Egypt rather than through a formal Israel-Syria
Azerbaijan’s Entry into Israeli Waters May Open New Export Routes with Turkey
Dr. Elai Rettig
April 9, 2025
The decision by SOCAR, Azerbaijan’s state oil company, to press ahead with a gas exploration license in Israeli waters marks another significant step in the ever-deepening partnership between Israel and
The Syrian Pipeline Game: How Turkey’s Plans Affect Israel’s Regional Ambitions
Dr. Elai Rettig
January 13, 2025
The fall of the Assad regime in Syria has revived Turkey’s plans to construct oil and gas pipelines through the country, turning it into a regional “energy corridor” for neighboring
Is the Aphrodite Gas Field
Politically Viable?
Ambassador (ret.) Michael Harari
October 15, 2024
The companies that share ownership of the Aphrodite gas field announced on September 1, 2024 that they have submitted an updated development plan to the Cypriot government and are awaiting
Relieving Gaza’s Electricity Burden After the War
Dr. Elai Rettig
September 9, 2024
The Gaza Strip’s heavy dependence on electricity and diesel supplied by Israel has turned from an Israeli strategic advantage into an economic and humanitarian burden for Israel. The reconstruction of
The Great Sea Interconnector: Prospects for an Electrical Cable Connecting Greece, Cyprus, and Israel
Ambassador (ret.) Michael Harari
July 25, 2024
In recent years, energy security has become a central issue for many countries, not least those that suffer from political and energy isolation. The Iron Swords War has greatly
Fuel Supply in Gaza – Needs and Uses
Dr. Elai Rettig
November 16, 2023
This article provides an overview of the current fuel supply situation in the Gaza Strip. It examines how much fuel is needed for Gaza’s basic humanitarian needs, how much fuel
The War in Gaza and the Implications for Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean
Ambassador (ret.) Michael Harari
November 15, 2023
BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 2,231, November 15, 2023 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The war with Hamas in Gaza and the clashes in the north against Hezbollah are inevitably affecting both the
Cutting the Electricity Supply to Gaza – Consequences and Implications
Dr. Elai Rettig
October 16, 2023
This policy brief provides a short background on Gaza’s electricity and water sectors and examines the immediate consequences of cutting off supply to the Gaza Strip. Overall, it argues that
Why Israel Approved Development of the Gaza Marine Gas Field
Dr. Elai Rettig
July 17, 2023
In June 2023, Israel quietly approved the development of Gaza Marine, a small offshore gas field near Gaza that will benefit both the Palestinian Authority and Hamas in terms of
Israeli Gas Exports to Syria:
The Dilemma of Formalizing Direct Gas Cooperation
Dr. Elai Rettig
July 2, 2026
Israeli gas exports to Syria are already a reality, but they are conducted indirectly, through swap deals and resale arrangements with Jordan and Egypt rather than through a formal Israel-Syria
Azerbaijan’s Entry into Israeli Waters May Open New Export Routes with Turkey
Dr. Elai Rettig
April 9, 2025
The decision by SOCAR, Azerbaijan’s state oil company, to press ahead with a gas exploration license in Israeli waters marks another significant step in the ever-deepening partnership between Israel and
The Syrian Pipeline Game: How Turkey’s Plans Affect Israel’s Regional Ambitions
Dr. Elai Rettig
January 13, 2025
The fall of the Assad regime in Syria has revived Turkey’s plans to construct oil and gas pipelines through the country, turning it into a regional “energy corridor” for neighboring
Is the Aphrodite Gas Field
Politically Viable?
Ambassador (ret.) Michael Harari
October 15, 2024
The companies that share ownership of the Aphrodite gas field announced on September 1, 2024 that they have submitted an updated development plan to the Cypriot government and are awaiting
Relieving Gaza’s Electricity Burden After the War
Dr. Elai Rettig
September 9, 2024
The Gaza Strip’s heavy dependence on electricity and diesel supplied by Israel has turned from an Israeli strategic advantage into an economic and humanitarian burden for Israel. The reconstruction of
The Great Sea Interconnector: Prospects for an Electrical Cable Connecting Greece, Cyprus, and Israel
Ambassador (ret.) Michael Harari
July 25, 2024
In recent years, energy security has become a central issue for many countries, not least those that suffer from political and energy isolation. The Iron Swords War has greatly
Fuel Supply in Gaza – Needs and Uses
Dr. Elai Rettig
November 16, 2023
This article provides an overview of the current fuel supply situation in the Gaza Strip. It examines how much fuel is needed for Gaza’s basic humanitarian needs, how much fuel
The War in Gaza and the Implications for Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean
Ambassador (ret.) Michael Harari
November 15, 2023
BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 2,231, November 15, 2023 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The war with Hamas in Gaza and the clashes in the north against Hezbollah are inevitably affecting both the
Cutting the Electricity Supply to Gaza – Consequences and Implications
Dr. Elai Rettig
October 16, 2023
This policy brief provides a short background on Gaza’s electricity and water sectors and examines the immediate consequences of cutting off supply to the Gaza Strip. Overall, it argues that
Why Israel Approved Development of the Gaza Marine Gas Field
Dr. Elai Rettig
July 17, 2023
In June 2023, Israel quietly approved the development of Gaza Marine, a small offshore gas field near Gaza that will benefit both the Palestinian Authority and Hamas in terms of